Vagrancy

Leazes Park, Newcastle: this is where I should come when the ping of incoming emails depresses me, W. says. I should let my gaze rest on the waterfowl: the black headed geese, the kingly swans. I should hire a rowing boat to take a turn around the lake. Above all, I should walk …

A man must walk if he is to think, W. says. We have to be receptive to thoughts, open to them. An idea might reach us at any time, and it's only when we relax — when we let the mind stretch out — that they might discover us. How many times has W. walked out alone, hoping that an idea would come looking for him?

W. goes to the tulip garden at Mount Edgcumbe when he wants to think. Off he sets in the morning, with his Kafka and a notebook in his man bag, heading up to the Naval Docklands, and then catching the ferry across the Tamar — a friendly river, says W., he always thinks of it as that.

On the other side, it is only a short walk to the tulip gardens, which he approaches through the orangery, he says, and then the English garden and the French garden. But it is the tulip garden which is his destination, W. says, whether it's spring or summer, or, for that matter, autumn or winter; whether or not there is anything in flower.

The tulip is Kafka!, W. says. The flower is the thought! But what would I understand of that?

We must not so much look for ideas, W. says, as let ideas find us. It is not a question of mental effort, but of mental slackening, he says. Ideas need time to emerge — unmeasured time. Ideas despise clocks. They even despise notebooks.

Lately, W. has been deliberately neglecting his notebooks. He's put them aside, he says, the better for ideas to reach him. He's been neglecting himself! Is it any accident that Solomon Maimon was taken for a vagrant?

But W.'s vagrancy is confined to the early morning, before he comes downstairs to make tea. It's confined to his dressing-gown hours, his hours before dawn, when he reads and writes in his room. Oh, he shouldn't read or write, he knows that. The thinker-vagrant lets go of all books, all writing. But W.'s is only a contained vagrancy, he says. He has his limits.

Ah, the figure of the thinker-vagrant, the thinker wanderer: was that why he was drawn to me? I resembled the thinker-vagabond, I was scruffy enough, unkempt enough … But he mistook the signs of vagabondage for a sign of thought. The vagrant is not necessarily a thinker: it was a painful lesson.

The essential is the extreme limit of the 'possible', where God himself no longer knows, despairs and kills.

The imitation of Jesus: according to Saint John of the Cross, we must imitate in God (Jesus) the fall from grace, the agony, the moment of 'non-knowledge' of the 'lamma sabachtani'; drunk to the lees, Christianity is the absence of salvation, the despair of God.

… that 'God should be dead', victim of a sacrifice, only has meaning if profound, and differs as much from the evasion of a God in the notion of a clear and servile world as does a human sacrifice, sanctifying the victim, from the slavery which makes of it an instrument of work.

From Bataille, Inner Experience

Would God be a man for whom death, or rather reflection on death, would be a prodigious amusement?

Is God not the major presupposition of thought?

Bataille, notes to Guilty

God is not the limit of man, but the limit of man is divine. Put differently, man is divine in the experience of limits.

The idea of God, the affections, the sweetness, associated with God are preludes to the absence of God. In the night of this absence, the insipidities and affectations have disappeared, reduced to the inconsistency of a childhood memory. The horrible grandeur of God heralds the absence in which man is stripped bare.

God is dead. He is so dead that I could make his death understandable only by killing myself.

Bataille, Guilty (new translation)

Froth on my Lips

What do I think is going to happen to me at the end?, W. asks me. I’ll die with froth on my lips, he’s sure of it. I’ll die like some rabid animal with wild eyes and dirt under my nails. I’ll have tried to dig my way out. I’ll have gone mad from confinement, and they’ll shoot me out of disgust like a dog.

And what about him (W.)? He’ll have starved to death, W. says, having given up all hope, all desire. There he'll sit, a skeleton by the window, who'd hoped that things could be otherwise, but learnt that things could never be otherwise.

Future Generations

Ah, but what does it matter, any of this?, W. says. There’s no time left. It's coming, the end, as great and fearsome as a hurricane. Climatic collapse, financial collapse: it's coming, the great wind that will blow out our candles …

Death is striding towards us. Death is laughing in the morning air. It's so obvious, so clear. Why can't everyone see it: death, laughing, striding towards us?

How they're going to hate us, all of us, the future generations!, W. says. He can feel their hatred even now. They're not yet born, they've yet to appear on their scorched and burning earth, but they already hate us. They already hate us, especially him (W.) …

Some of them, of course, will never appear. Some of them have been denied even their chance to be born. They hate us even more for that, he says. They hate him even more.

And he feels the hatred of the generations of the past, W. says. He feels their hatred, those who felt something good might come from their struggles on the slaughter-bench of history. He feels their disappointment, those who expected something better to come.

AWOL

Ah, none of this troubles me, he knows that, W. says. Astray, that's what I've always been. Missing, in some sense. AWOL. — 'You're a deserter by inclination. You know nothing of loyalty, nothing of the cadre'. I’m not loyal to thought, W. says. What do I know of it, the demand of thought?

'What are you interested in?', W. asks me. 'What, really? Because it's not philosophy, is it? It's not thought'. Still, I like reading about philosophy and reading about thought, that much is clear. It exercises some kind of fascination over me, W. says. There's something in me which responds. There’s something that is left of the good and the true, he says.

Breaking the Surface

There are some thoughts that will be forever beyond us, W. says. The thought of our own stupidity, for example; the thought of what we might have been if we weren't stupid. The thought of what he might have been, W., if he hadn't been dragged down by the concrete block of my stupidity … The thought of what I might have been, if my stupidity had simply been allowed to run its course … W. shudders.

Oh, he has some sense of what we lack, W. says. More than I have, but then he's more intelligent than I am. He has some sense that there's another kind of thinking, another order of idea into which one might break as a flying fish breaks the surface of the water. He knows it's there, the sun-touched surface, far above him. He knows there are thinkers whose wings flash with light in the open air, who leap from wave-crest to wave-crest, and that he will never fly with them.

He's not brilliant enough, that's his tragedy. There is a dimension of thought, another dimension of life he will never attain. The murk of his stupidity has a gleaming surface … Ah, he half-understands, half-knows; but he doesn't understand, he doesn't know.

But isn't that his mercy, too; isn't that what saves him? For if he had understood, really understood, how immeasurably he had failed, wouldn't he have had to kill himself in shame? If he knew, really knew, the extent of his shortcomings, wouldn't his blood have had to mingle with the water?

But then if he really understood, then he wouldn't be stupid, W. says. To know, really to know, would mean he had already broken the surface.

Dereliction

Sometimes W. wants to send up a great cry of dereliction. Not his dereliction, he says, but dereliction in general. Abandonment.

Who has abandoned us? Who has left us behind? Who left us to ourselves, and left him to me? Who thrust me into his arms like a foundling?

Interview with me reproduced from The Philosopher:

1. If you were allowed only one philosophical sentence to take to a desert island, what would it be?

That of Plotinus, where he says that philosophy should be concerned with what matters most. And I would read and reread it in shame and wonder.

2. If you could invent a philosophical 'ism', what would it be?

Doubtism, remembering Pessoa's Bernardo Soares, who writes of that stage 'when we doubt both ourselves and our doubt'.

3. Which did you prefer writing – Spurious or Blanchot's Vigilance?

I feel less ashamed of Spurious, since I was at least able there to admit my terrible shame at posturing as a thinker. But better still that neither exist.

4. Is there a great philosopher you really don't like?

Sartre, for his smugness.

5. What has been the most rewarding philosophical experience of your life?

Reading Kafka.

6. Which non-philosophical writer should be compulsory reading for philosophers?

Fernando Pessoa, and, in particular, his Book of Disquiet. But I would hesitate to call literature non-philosophical.

7. What is the latest worthwhile philosophical work you have read?

Charles Juliet's book of interviews with Bram Van Velde and Samuel Beckett vies with McGhee's Transformations of Mind.

8. Mary Midgley once compared philosophical thinking to plumbing; which craft or trade would you choose as a comparison?

Crash test dummy.

9. Is there a particular philosophical dispute that is crying out for resolution?

'Philosophy has absolutely nothing to do with discussing things', Deleuze says provocatively. 'It's difficult enough just understanding the problem someone's framing and how they're framing it, all you should ever do is explore it, play around with the terms, add something, relate it to something else, never discuss it'. I wonder if the same doesn't apply to disputations.

10. Do you know any philosophical jokes?

Lukacs, admirer of the realism of Thomas Mann, opponent of Kafka, said wrly in 1956, in the back of a police van when Soviet tanks rolled in to crush the Hungarian uprising, 'So Kafka was a realist after all'. The best kind of joke is at your own expense.

11. Which philosophers would you invite to your dinner party?

The friends I've made at conferences and the like, but who are scattered all over the world.

12. What is the stupidest thing that any philosopher has ever said?

Many examples come to mind, none worth recalling. More cheerful, however, to end on a positive sense of stupidity. Beckett only gave one official interview, of which this is one part:

– Why do you write your books?

– I don't know. I'm not an intellectual. I just feel things. I invented Molloy and the rest on the day I understood how stupid I'd been. I began then to write down the things I feel.

Interview in The Philosopher, 2011

Wittgenstein said to me on more than one occasion: 'The trouble with you and me, old man, is that we have no religion!'

Suddenly, during one of our conversations early in 1938, Wittgenstein asked me whether I had ever had any tragedies in my life. Again, true to form, I asked him what he meant by 'tragedy'. 'Well', he replied, 'I don't mean the death of your old grandmother at the age of 85. I mean suicides, madness or quarrels'. I said that I had been fortunate not to have experienced of any of those terrible things.

from Theodore Redpath's, Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Student's Memoir

Two yammering British intellectuals travel to the American south to form a new religion—with Canadians

The sequel to the 2010 hit Spurious—which was acclaimed by the Los Angeles Times, the Guardian, the San Francisco Chronicle, the Times Literary Supplement, and the Washington Post, which called it “fearsomely funny”—Dogma finds Lars and W. still, continually and without cease, arguing, although this time in a different country.

This time out, the duo embarks on a trip to the American Deep South, where, in company with a band of Canadians who may or may not be related to W., they attempt to form a new religion based on their philosophical studies. Their mission is soon derailed by their inability to take meaningful action, their endless bickering, the peculiar behavior of the natives, and by a true catastrophe: they can’t seem to find a liquor store that carries their brand of gin.

Part Nietzsche, part Monty Python, part Huckleberry Finn, Dogma is a novel as ridiculous and profound as religion itself.

– Publisher's blurb for Dogma, the sequel to Spurious, out early next year.

According to Patrick Waldberg, Bataille asked the remaining members of Acephale to kill him at their last meeting on or around 20 October 1939. They refused to do so, and he dissolved the group immediately thereafter. He intended to offer himself as a sacrifice to found the myth of the group and thereby ensure the survival of the community. When they refused to do so, he accused them of having 'abandoned' him.

Stuart Kendall, in his new edition of Bataille's Guilty

The Rhythms of Scholarship

I understand nothing of the rhythms of scholarship, W. says. I know nothing of its seasons: of the time of sowing, of tending and caring, and of the harvest, the gathering in of the crops of thought.

Isn't that of which what he dreams, at the beginning of the summer: of the coming autumn, which will see his thought-crops ripe and ready, bowing in the breeze? Isn't it of carrying back the harvest of his ideas, so carefully tended, in his sun-browned arms?

There must be a process of thought-threshing, too, W. says. Of thought-winnowing! The wheat must be separated from the chaff. And there will be chaff, he said. Even the greatest of thinkers cannot avoid chaff. But there is still wheat. Still the evidence of a year's long labour …

But what would he know of this? His crops have failed, W. says, as they have always failed, and he stands in the empty field, weeping.

Waiting For Thought

I understand little of the patience of scholarship, W. says. Scholarly work is slow and meticulous, W. says.  You need to accept that you’re in it for the long haul, and the results of thought will not come quickly, if at all. What has W. ever done but wait for thought?

Above all, we mustn’t expect quick results, W. continues. How many years did Marx labour on Capital in the British Library? How long did Engels give financial support to his friend by working at his detested family cotton mill in Manchester? But now imagine a Marx who did not finish Capital – an Engels who never left his job in the family firm. Imagine those poor idiots whose thought-paths led nowhere, petering out in the scrub.

Totems

W. doesn't believe I actually read books. — 'They're like totems to you', he says. 'They contain what you lack. You surround yourself with them, but you don't understand them'.

My office is actually filled with books, that's the paradox, W. says. I get a childlike excitement from them, from the fact of them, with their heady titles and colourful spines.

Of course, the real reader has no need to surround himself with books, W. says. The real reader gives them away to others, lending them without a thought of them being returned. What need has he for a library of books? He would prefer to be alone with only the most essential works, like Beckett with his Dante in his room at the old folks’ home. Beckett with his Dante, and cricket on the TV.

Tomorrow it was May

Tomorrow it was May: but it's hard to believe it, we agree as we sit hungover at Stoke station. We're heading our separate ways: W. to the south, to his hometown of Plymouth, and I to the north, to my hometown of Newcastle.

What might happen if we lived in the same city?, W. wonders. What, if we and our friends lived in Plymouth, or in Newcastle, and we saw each other every day, meeting in cafes and pubs?

We might start a new political party, W. says. A new collective! Oh, he knows how foolish it sounds … A new vanguard – can I imagine that?

The times are against us. History is against us. He understands that, W. says. It’s inexorable. Life is against us! The cosmos is against us! I’m against him, for God’s sake, W. says. He’s against me!

W. would demonstrate against me if he could, he says. I’m against Lars, his placard would read. Kill the Tosser!, written across a picture of me.

Ah, but we are only signs, W. says. Symptoms. We’re the way something is wrong, not the disease itself.

These are not political times, that’s the truth of it. There’s no working class struggle, no party, no organisation, and therefore no politics, according to Tronti, W. says. Capitalism has conquered the external world, Tronti says; now it’s going to conquer the internal one, too.  

What remains to us is only to chart our despair, to fathom it, according to Tronti. Because that’s all that will be left of us, our despair. That’ll be the last incorruptible part of us. We should read Kierkegaard alongside Marx, if we are to understand the contemporary disaster, according to Tronti, W. says. We must turn through the pages of the philosopher of despair.

Can satire still be written in the age of multi-culturalism, political correctness, and respect for women and minorities?

If a writer worries about political correctness, it's probable that he won't be able to write satire, since satire, by its very nature, offends somebody or something. In our time, satire, in all media, tends to be very tame. The targets are almost always predictable–idiots of the right or left–or stars and celebrities.

We are given satirical treatments of people like Madonna or Prince Charles or Teddy Kennedy or Clarence Thomas! You see the sickening spectacle of the victims of the satire laughing it up with those who satirize them–this is surely a dead giveaway that the satire has no teeth.

Satire should wound, draw blood, even destroy. Some guy on Saturday Night Live, I understand, used to "satirize" George Bush, and Bush invited him to the White House! Sure, satire can indeed be written now, but the satirist must be willing to be despised and assaulted.

Satire is heartless and anarchic. If it's not it's just another mode of entertainment in the great world of entertainment that the United States has become. This kind of juvenile "fun-poking" used to be the province of Mad magazine–fun for the kiddies. Now we have David Letterman "satirizing" his "guests" before they all run down to the bank en masse. On the other hand, maybe we're too far gone for satire, too corrupt, too Goddamned dumb.

Sorrentino, interviewed

Poetry is the plough that turns up time in such a way that the abyssal strata of time, its black earth, appear on the surface. There are epochs, however, when mankind, not satisfied with the present, yearning like the ploughman for the abyssal strata of time, thirsts for the virgin soil of time. Revolution in art inevitably leads to Classicism, not because David reaped the harvest of Robespierre, but because that is what the earth desires.

from Mandelstam's 'Word and Culture'

The October Revolution could not but influence my work since it took away my 'biography', my sense of individual significance. I am grateful to it, however, for once and for all putting an end to my spiritual security and to a cultural life supported by unearned cultural income…. I feel indebted to the Revolution, but I offer it gifts for which it still has no need.

The question about what a writer should be is completely incomprehensible to me: to answer it would be tantamount to inventing a writer, that is, to writing his works for him.

What is more, I am deeply convinced that, in spite of all the limitations and dependence of the writer on social forces, modern science does not possess any means of causing this or that desirable writer to come into existence. Rudimentary eugenics alerts us to the fact that any kind of cultural interbreedin or grafting may produce the most unexpected results. The State procurement of readers is a more likely possibility: for this there exists a direct means: school.

Osip Mandelstam, responding to the questionnaire: 'The Soviet Writer and October'

Speech

Staffordshire University. We roll up our shirtsleeves and rub behind our ears with our wipes. It’s time to begin!

Speech: that’s what the Events of May 1968 were about, we tell our audience. The capacity to speak, to speak to anyone without formality. That’s how they spoke as the occupied the campuses of Nanterre and the Sorbonne, we tell them. That’s how they spoke during the teach-ins and sit-downs, during the refusals to disperse. And that’s how the walls spoke, the famous graffiti which were of all and for all, continuing the freedom to speak into another medium.

‘Under the paving stones, the beach’; ‘Dream is reality’; ‘Poetry is in the street’; ‘I have something to say but I don’t know what’; ‘I have nothing to say’ … To have nothing to say but saying itself; to speak the very act of speaking, to address the demonstrator alongside you in the crowd: this was the miracle.

We break for tea. – ‘It’s going well, isn’t it?’, W. says. It is going well.

When we return, we speak of the General Strike and the occupation of the main plants at Renault. We speak of de Gaulle fleeing France, and of parliamentary disarray. We speak of the Action Committees, of direct democracy. We speak of ‘wildfire, effervescence’ (Blanchot), and ‘fulguration’ (Levinas).

But we speak, too, of the vulnerability of the movement, of the gradual return to normality. We speak of the banning of far left groups, and of the retaking of the Sorbonne. We speak of the murder of militants and the infiltration of schools and universities by police. We speak of the factories reopening, and of workers returning to work. We speak of the triumph of de Gaulle’s party, returned to government with greatest majority they had ever received.

A pause for tea. He thinks we’re beginning to depress our audience, W. says.

Must there always be a betrayal of speech?, we wonder, when we return to the seminar room. Must the revolution always be betrayed? May ’68 failed, we tell their audience. Of course it did! But how could they have succeeded? Perhaps, we tell our audience, the Events were sufficient unto themselves. Perhaps they give us the idea of a revolution that need achieve no fixed goal, that has nothing to do with political results. And perhaps nothing to do with politics, either.

The room brightens as we invoke the title of one of the collectively written tracts of the Students and Writers Action Committee: Tomorrow it was May. And perhaps tomorrow – in another kind of tomorrow – it will be May again.

Tomorrow it was May. How moving! How beautiful! And we speak about the Hot Autumn in Italy in 1969, and about Italian workerism. We invoke the ghosts of Fourier, Blanqui, and Luxemburg; we celebrate Guevara, Ho Chi Minh and Cabral, and then we drink with our fellow attendees through the night.

The Pelican

The pelican of mythology feeds its young strips of its own flesh torn from its breast, W. says. And isn’t that how he’s fed me: by tearing strips of flesh from his own breast?

How generous he’s been! How unselfish! But in the end, it’s left him even more alone, his generosity. In the end, the equivalent of a great, overfed chick is no company.

Cruelty

In the end, I excel at only three things, W. says: smut, chimp noises and made-up German. That’s all my scholarship has amounted to.

And isn’t it the same with him? Ah, what does he really know? Of what is he really certain? Biblical Hebrew, of course…. The classical guitar…. The history of philosophy in the German tradition, in the French tradition…. Something of the Greeks.… But it’s nothing, nothing, W. says. He knows nothing at all.

If he’s cruel to me, it is with the same cruelty to which he subjects himself, W. says. If he's cruel, it's out of love, W. says. It is meant as a sign that he expects better. Would that he had a similar tutor! Would that he had someone to list his betrayals and half-measures!

Landfill Thinkers

We’re landfill thinkers, W. says. Landfill philosophers. But he doesn't mind. He has the sense of edging forward in the darkness, he says. He has the sense of digging his burrow, of pushing on in dark times.

And what kind of burrow am I digging?, W. wonders. What kind of tunnel can a mole make without claws, a mole that's gone mad underground?

Hope

Hope. What is it that keeps us going?, W. wonders. Why do we bother, in spite of it all, in the face of it all?

That we know our limitations is our strength, we're agreed on that. We know we fall short, desperately short. We know our task is too great for us, but at least we have a sense of it, its greatness. At least we know it passes above us, like migratory birds in the autumn sky.

Foreign Seeds

Foreign seeds make their way into Britain in the updraft of passing trains, W. says. They spread along the sidings, following the railway …

And along what path do foreign ideas enter our country?, he wonders. Ah, the British want nothing to do with Old European ideas, we agree. They want nothing to do with our ideas, which we’ve borrowed from Old Europe, and are bringing along the railway in our own way.

Britain is essentially a unphilosophical country, we agree, just as we are essentially unphilosophical. Oh, we love philosophical ideas, that’s true. We have the highest enthusiasm for such ideas. But we love them from without, that’s our problem. We don’t understand what we love.

We love reading about philosophy because we know nothing whatsoever about philosophy, we agree. We love reading about politics because we know nothing whatsoever about politics. We love reading about God because we know nothing whatsoever about God …

An Idiot Drools

On the crowded morning train to Stoke, preparing for our presentation. The sky’s darkening, the air’s gone heavy. Bad portents, W. says.

Our host, accompanying us from Birmingham, sits down the carriage from us, reading his Cavailles. What’s he going to make of our presentation?, we wonder. How’s he going to his colleagues, having invited us? Wasn’t this supposed to be part of our rehabilitation? Wasn’t it our chance to make our way back into the academic fold?

An idiot drools: that's our thought, that drooling, W. says. An idiot scratches his head: that's our philosophy, that scratching, W. says.

Ah, what do we know of the Events of May 1968, our presentation topic? What do we really know about the general strike in Paris, and the battles between the students and police in the Latin Quarter? Our knowledge is secondhand, derivative. The protestors wrenched the paving stones from the streets: we saw it on Youtube. They threw up barricades: we saw that, too. They marched – how they marched! They overturned cars, set fire to them: yes, we’ve seen the footage.

But we know nothing of politics, real politics, we agree. We know nothing of revolution, of the world turned upside down. Britain is an essentially apolitical country, we agree, just as we are essentially apolitical.