The Sonora Desert

What am I doing? What was I doing? I was supposed to be writing something, wasn't I?I was writing something that was supposed to carry me from day to day and string those days together, making meaning of them. Supposed to aim all these days in a single direction – but what was it?

Weakness: I fall below the ability to write. I'm tired, tired … So I finish the two books I was reading instead of writing. The Savage Detectives, the longest of books, was finished off yesterday lunchtime in the office. I've finished it at last, I thought. I can't believe I got through it, I thought. I decided I deserved an award. But then, almost immediately, that I deserved no award, that I'd been self-indulgent enough of late. So I set myself the task of reading reviews of the book I just read, to make sense of it, to make sense of myself, to replace that stringing of days and hours together like beads on the long thread of my writing.

Bolano! Too many people have read him. He's too celebrated! There's too much on the net! Curious, then, that you can still invent a private Bolano. Still set up a small shrine, your own. I have my own Bolano, made up of scraps of what I read in the long biography-reviews (all the reviews seem to turn into biographies), at the heart of which is his friendship with Mario Santiago (who becomes Ulyses Lima in The Savage Detectives).

That friendship, and with it, other friendships too -infrarealist (visceral realist) friendship. Friendship whose third term is Life, a great and ferocious vivacity – Life like a firework bursting in the sky. Life: that's what binds them together, life as broad and distant as the sky. Life upon which you can make no impression. Life against which your own life bats itself meaninglessly.

Is there a tragic vision to Bolano? A tragedy behind the many stories through which Belano (Bolano's own double) and Lima pass in the second long section of the novel? Tragedy … but the great broad vivifying tragedy of life in general, the life of everything, the life of stones and stars … 

What am I on about? What is this all for? For no reason. Just blast up like a rocket and explode. The Savage Detectives. Overlong? Vastly so, and yet … Boring? Without question, and yet … Life, tragic life celebrates itself through the hundred stories of the second part (the middle panel of the triptych). Life beyond any particular voice (though it seems particularly close to some: step forward, Quim, mad Quim in the asylum …)

As I read, often bored, often distracted, I still kept the impression that there was a great sky, a great Day beyond these particular voices. A Day beyond days, as in D.H. Lawrence's The Flying Fish (and isn't there something like the exuberance of Lawrence, his riotousness in Bolano's book?). A kind of apocalypse, everything revealed, the great judgement day of Life upon we can make no impression. Life = the Sonora Desert.

Life, for Bolano = that expanse in which the narrative runs out in the third part. I've heard 2666 (a title already prefigured in The Savage Detective) heads into the Desert again. No surprise. It's Bolano's topic, his great topic. But let me come back to friendship, to Bolano's friendship with … what was his name? Santiago.

Bolano said he wrote the book so that Santiago and he could laugh at it together. A book to make his friend laugh. His friend, who'd published … barely anything. A single book of poems, I think, but wasn't that beside the point? Isn't Bolano's great theme Life, and not poetry? Life and not Literature (capital 'L'). Life that laughs at silly Juan Garcia Madero, narrator of the first and second sides of the triptych. Life that poetry, Literature (capital 'L', the usual modernist Literature; Lautreamont, Breton, all that …) burn up towards but never reach.

Bolano published a couple of things before he left Mexico for Europe. He appeared in some anthology or another. He cowrote a novel. So what? What does it matter? As with Santiago's production (his non-production), literature was a name for Life and Life was elsewhere. Did both men leave their South America? Was it only Bolano (Belano) who headed off for France and Spain and Israel and Liberia (Liberia!)? I'm not sure. The reviews and profiles would tell me.

But what I wanted to say (what started me off here), was that the book was written to make his friend laugh, but that the same year it was published, The Savage Detectives, in 1998, his friend died in a 'mysterious' car accident. Mysterious in inverted commas, Bolano's, I'm not sure why. And that that moved me: that's what I wanted to say. Moved me, the thought that this literary furore, the comet of Bolano's oeuvre that is passing through our skies, was all about friendship, and what was shared between two friends and a group of friends (the infra-realists, the Visceral realists).

It was about laughter. It was about a crazy, nonsensical world. It was about the absurd glory of Life, about writing, about fucking, about the roads that disappear in the Sonora desert, which is to say all roads, including this one, the one I'm on …

A tragic vision. A tragic, laughing vision. A vision in which no hero, no heroine rises up to face their great destiny and the greatness of its limits. A vision, instead of the futility of life, of all things, a laughing futility, a drunken futility, but futility nonetheless … The desert is opening. The desert is here, right between us, those of us for whom the flag of Literature is buffetted by the winds of Life.

The desert: here it is, because none of this matters, none of it, not Literature, not writing (or not writing), publishing (or not publishing) … it's all futile, laughable, we're heading into the same desert. We're all riding in the same Impala into the desert and laughter and madness and bleached, exposed bones in the sand. Bolano was dying and we're dying and everything is dying, and in the meantime … what else is there to amuse our friends and ourselves? What left but to close the door on the world and write to make our friends laugh and roll on the floor laughing and coughing up blood and spitting blood all the way to death …?

Not Thinking

When did you know?, W. says with great insistence. When did you know you weren't going to amount to anything? Did I know?, he asks, because sometimes he suspects I never did. Well he knows at any rate for both of us. Neither of us are going to amount to anything!, he says with finality. Neither of us! Anything!, he says imperiously.

We might carry on as if we're going to amount to anything, W. says, but that does not alter the fact that we're not going to amount to anything. We haven't had a single thought of our own, for one thing, W. says. Not one!

Most thought provoking is that we are still not thinking, I say to W., remembering Heidegger. Most thought provoking is that you think you are thinking, says W. Because you do, don't you?

Clouds of Unknowing

Bela Tarr is to be our leader now, W. says. He's a genius, says W. He says he only makes films about poor, ugly people – they're my people, he always says. The ugly and the poor are always with us, that's what he says, says W. He's like Tarkovsky, only slower, says W., and with less hope. He only makes films with friends, says W. And he hates cinematographers. He had 7 of them for Satantango – 7! They only cause him trouble, says W.

Bela Tarr wanted to be a philosopher, says W., but when he started making films, he stopped wanting to be a philosopher. No abstraction for him, says W. He's completely devoted to the concrete, says W., to what he sees in front of him. He's not like us, says W., who have no idea what's directly in front of them.

He doesn't float nebulously into the most general and most confused of ideas, into our clouds of unknowing, says W. He never talks philosophy, says W. He doesn't believe in abstraction. Film is about the concrete, he says, says W. It can't help but be about the concrete.

Bela Tarr doesn't believe in God, says W. Bela Tarr's seen too much to believe in God. He takes years over each film, says W.. And they're full of drunk people. Full of drunk, aggressive people like you, says W. And mud. His films are full of mud. That's where you belong, says W., in the mud.

He made his first film when he was 16, says W. of Bela Tarr. 16! Imagine it! He had wanted to be a philosopher, but filmmaking cured him of that.

When did you know, says W., when did you know you'd never amount to anything? When did you take refuge in vague and cloudy ideas that have nothing to do with the world?

Perhaps we should have become film directors, W. says, though we probably would have fucked that up, too. What sort of films would we have made? Terrible films! Clouds of unknowing that would have nothing to do with reality!

The Tracking Shot

Ah, said W., who visited recently, that's your writing table, and that's your yard. He looked through the window. It is disgusting, he agreed. And what's wrong with your plants? Why is the concrete green? It shouldn't be that colour. And what is that growing there? Is it a weed? It's too big and serious to be a weed, W. said.

I'll bet it smells terrible out there, said W. It does, doesn't it? You can tell. I'll bet it really hums. You'd never know of course, I tell him, because the windows won't open. They're jammed shut, I tell him, because the flat's changing shape. It's sinking, I tell him. It's collapsing in the middle.

The flat's sinking, W. says, and the yard is rotting. What is that out there? Sewage? And why's it covered in foamy water? The sewage's from the upstairs flat's waste pipe, I tell him, and the foamy water comes from the pipe from their kitchen sink.

W. agrees that Bela Tarr would take a 20 minute tracking shot of the yard. The yard would mean more to him than all our nonsense, W, says. Do you remember when he said that the wall, the rain and the dogs all have their own stories, and that these stories are more important than so called human stories? Do you remember when he said that the scenery, the weather, the locations and time have their own faces? Their own faces! The yard, the horror of the yard, is the only thing around here Bela Tarr would be interested in. 

Redemption

What do you think your effect is on others?, W. asks. Do you motivate them, inspire them, spur them on? Do you make them think more than they could think on their own? Does the fact of your friendship change the way in which they see the world or vice versa?

Every time he meets someone (except me), W. asks himself how he could have been kinder, better and more gracious. Every time he thinks of his friends (except me), he asks himself what he might to do to help them or look after them better; he asks himself what he might do to further their thoughts or their writing.

What does friendship mean to you, really?, W. asks. Do you think you're capable of it, friendship? Do you think you've ever been a friend to anyone? Can you even conceive of what being a friend might mean?: these questions constantly pass through his head, W. says, as he knows they do not pass through mine.

Friendship makes the highest demands upon him, says W. It's a kind of test. It's the only chance for him, friendship, says W.; that and love. Love and friendship are the only things that might redeem him, W. says. And what about you?, he says. How will you redeem yourself? What are you going to do to redeem your miserable existence?

Messianism

W. and I are supposed to be thinking about Messianism, but our minds are blank.

What are your thoughts on Messianism?, asks W. I don't have any thoughts on Messianism, I tell him. What about you? W. isn't able to think about Messianism, he says. He's not capable of it, and neither am I.

There are some thoughts that will be forever beyond us, says W., and Messianism is one of those thoughts. How is it that we nevertheless have bent our efforts on thinking about Messianism? It isn't as though we know anything about Messianism, or have any kind of religious belief that would give us any kind of personal investment in Messianism.

What, really, can Messianism mean to us, except as the limit of what it is possible for us to think or write about? Perhaps that's all Messianism could mean to us: the possibility that one day we might be changed so radically that we would be able to think about Messianism, says W.

Inspiration

You really inspired me the other night, says W., oh, it was nothing to do with your thought. – What, then? – I bought a bottle of wine and went home and drank it all. Then I sat in the dark having apocalyptic thoughts and thinking vaguely about messianism without knowing anything about messianism. That's how you live, isn't it?

The Lion of Judah

W.'s hair is very long now. It's a year since he last had it cut. Some of it falls in ringlets. It's his Jewishness, he tells me. He looks leonine, I tell him, like the lion of Judah.

If you're not going to be a thinker, you should at least look like a thinker, he says. And if you're not going to be religious, then you should at least look religious, that's what W. believes. Genuine thinking and genuine religious belief might follow looking like a genuine thinker and looking like a genuinely religious person.

Primary Literature

You don't actually know anything do you?, says W. You've got no body of knowledge. W. has ancient Hebrew, of course. – You see, I know something. What do you know? I look up into the sky. – I've read a lot. – Secondary literature!, says W. You're always reading secondary literature! It's your main weakness, says W., or one of them. No one reads secondary literature but you. W. is a man of primary literature, he says, and in the original language. Primary literature, and as obscure and half-forgotten as possible.

Maths and Literature

Literature softened our brains, says W. We should have been doing maths. If we knew maths, we might amount to something. As it is, we'll amount to nothing.

There's nothing wrong with literature per se, says W. who cannot go a day without speaking about Kafka, and takes his books to read to the tulip garden at Mount Edgcombe on his own, but it has a bad effect on us. Besides, I bet Kafka was good at maths. – He was good at law, I tell him. – Oh yes, law, it's a bit like maths. Perhaps we should give up and become lawyers. Perhaps that would be the making of us.

Of course it would be different if we read literature alongside philosophy, keeping it strictly for recreation, says W. But literature, for us, couldn't help infecting our reading. That's where it all went wrong. – But don't you admire the fact that we feel something about literature?, I ask him. Don't you think it's what saves us? But W. is not persuaded. It makes us vague and full of pathos. That's all we have – pathos.

Brod and Brod

Which one of us is Kafka and which Brod?, W. muses. We're both Brod, he says, and that's the pity of it. Brods without Kafka, and what's a Brod without a Kafka?

We are both Brod, W. says, and Brod for one another. When an ass looks into the gospels, an apostle will not look back; when Brod looks into Kafka, it's only Brod who looks back. You are my Brod, W. tells me, but he is my Brod, too.

I am his idiot, but he is mine, and it's this we share in our joy and laughter, as we wake each day into the morning of our idiocy, wiping the sleep from our eyes and stretching.

Brod and Brod

We're Brod and Brod, we agree, and neither of us is Kafka. Neither of us; but we can dream, can't we, of the imaginary Kafka we would fawn over and whose work we would promote? We can dream of our fervid works of commentary and our public statements – always needlessly simplifying, always full of empty pathos and sham hagiography - on behalf of our friend.

We can dream of nursing him through his final sickness and then of preserving his work for posterity. He'd ask us to throw it all away, all his unfinished drafts and private correspondence, but what would we do? Publish it piece by piece for a grateful humanity, with our stupid editorial comments that generations of scholars would read to one another in disgust and amusement.

Pathos

Of course, what I lack in intellectual ability and real knowledge, I make up for in pathos, W. says. He's learnt everything he knows about pathos from me, he says. He can make himself weep at the pathos of his writing. I must be constantly weeping, W. says, night and day, since my writing is based only on pathos and has virtually no other content. 

The Meercat

W.'s got a higher IQ than me, he's decided. A few points higher: that makes all the difference, he says. Intellectually, he stands slightly higher than I do; he has a wider view, a greater panorama. But perhaps this is why he despairs more than I do, and has a keener sense of his failure.

He can see more, says W.; and he can also see himself in the context of the whole. He can see the great achievements of the past heaving up behind him like a plateau, and the open space from which great achievements will come in the future. And he can see his own inability to contribute in any way to these achievements, and that, indeed, he is a living obstacle to anything that might happen.

If W's on his dung heap perched up and looking around like a meercat, he says, I'm still playing in the dung. What could I understand of achievement or failure or any of these issues?, W. says. What can I understand of the magnitude of our failure?

Brod and Brod

We know what genius is, says W. aphoristically, but we know we're not geniuses. It's a gift, he says, but it's also a curse. We can recognise genius in others, but we don't have it ourselves. 

Max Brod, so unselfish in his promotion of Kafka (and Janacek), yet so given to a vague and general pathos – to amorphous stirrings wholly alien to the precision of Kafka (and Janacek) – has always served as both our warning and example. What could he understand of Kafka (or Janacek)? Weren't his interpretative books – which did so much to popularise the work of his friend – at every turn, a betrayal of Kafka (or, for that matter, Janacek)?

But then again, didn't Kafka (and to a much lesser extent, Janacek) depend upon his friendship and his support? Didn't Kafka (and perhaps Janacek, though we're not sure), lean on his friend in times of despair and solitude?

We too, W. and decided long ago, must give our lives in the service of others. We too must write interpretative essays on the work of others more intelligent and gifted than we will ever be. We too must do our best to offer support and solace to others despite the fact that we will always misunderstand their genius, and only bother them with our enthusaism.

Our Idiocies

My idiocy is theological, W. says. It is vast, omnipresent; not simply a lack (of intelligence, say), though neither is it entirely tangible or real. We picture it as a vast, dense cloud, and then as a storm, flashing with lightning. It can be quite magnificent, he says. It can shock and awe, W. says. I am that I am, says W., that's all it says.

On the other hand, he says, sometimes my idiocy is only a simple absence, a pellucid sky. Not a thought crosses your mind for weeks does it?, says W. Nothing at all. You're untroubled by thought and untroubled by thinking.

His idiocy, says W. is more a kind of stubbornness or indolence. It's never thunderous as mine can be, and nor is his head ever really empty. It's only a niggling reminder of his own incapacity, against which he runs up freshly each day.

An Idiot Double

When did you know you were a failure?, W. repeatedly asks me. When was it you knew you'd never have a single thought of your own – not one? He asks me these questions, W. says, because he's constantly posing them to himself. Why is he still so amazed at his lack of ability? He's not sure. But he is amazed, and he will never get over it, and this will have been his life, this amazement and his inability to get over it.

What amazes him still further, says W., is that I am almost entirely lacking in the same amazement. I am like the idiot double of a idiot, W. says, being of the same intelligence (or nearly the same intelligence; I am a few IQ points behind him), of the same degree of laziness (or nearly the same laziness; I am more indolent than he is), but entirely lacking an awareness of what I so signally lack.

30 Oct 1940. Suffering is by no means a privilege, a sign of nobility, a reminder of God. Suffering is a fierce, bestial thing, commonplace, uncalled for, natural as air. It is intangible; no one can grasp it or fight against it; it dwells in time – is the same thing as time; if it comes in fits and starts, that is only so as to leave the sufferer more defenseless during the moments that follow, those long moments when one relives the last bout of torture and waits for the next.

Cesare Pavese, from his Diary

Autumn

Every summer, he begins work with great ambition, W. says. By the end of the summer, it's all gone wrong. Why does he never learn?, W. muses. Why does nothing change?

It's a great mystery to him, W. says, his eternal capacity for hope and the eternal destruction of his capacity for hope. He lives and dies a whole lifetime over summer, W. says, and is reborn every autumn, a little more stupid.

Secret Leaders

Kafka and Tarr are our spiritual leaders, W. and I agree. They've gone the furthest, we agree.

But we need more immediate leaders, too. W.: We're stupid, we need to be led. We long ago decided that we could redeem ourselves only by creating opportunities for those more capable than ourselves.

It's our gift, says W., we know we're stupid, but we also know what stupidity is not. We ought to throw ourselves at their feet and ask them to forgive us.

We always stop short of this, of course. We have to remember not to tell them, each of them, that they are our new leader. It will only frighten them off, W. says. No one should ever know he or she is our leader, we decide. Only we should know. And we should only follow them in secret.

The New World

It never gets any better does it? – No. It's getting worse. It's going to get a lot worse. – We're doomed, aren't we? – Oh yes, completely finished.

It's only a matter of time, we know, before we are found out. They haven't really noticed us yet, that's what saves us. But when they do …!

The clock is ticking, we know. This is not our time, W. says as we walk through the newly coverted Victualling Yard. Who lives in these flats, we wonder as we pass through the wide boulevards. Who can afford them?

They're in the new world, the coming world, we know that. They're the kind who are going to wipe us out, not becaue they know we exist or bear a grudge against, but simply because they are of a different order. They can't help but hate us, I tell W., though they have no idea we exist.

S-P-I-N-O-Z-A

W. likes to test me on Spinoza: What is a mode? What's a substance? What's an attribute? I tell him the Ethics is too hard. Get the Routledge Guidebook to Spinoza's Ethics, W. tells me. But that'll be too hard for you, won't it? Get the Idiot's Guide to Spinoza, then. But that'll be too hard too. Start with these words on a piece of paper: S-P-I-N-O-Z-A. Ponder that in your stupidity.

The Captain’s House

W.'s street. The houses at the bottom are no longer derelict, he says. You used to be able to see the faces of children behind the cracked windows like ghosts, but now developers have moved in.

You must always live among the poor, W. says. This part of the city was once very wealthy, he observes. His own house was owned by a ship's captain, he says – imagine it! We stand back and admire its storeys.

The railway to London used to run through here, he tells me a little later. Passengers would disembark straight from their cruise liners onto the train, and went straight up to London. The houses are still grand, W. says, although most of them have been turned into flats now. They're full of alcoholics and drug addicts, he says. No one wants to live here.

The children like to bang on the window as we sit inside and drink Tequila. Ignore them, says W., don't give them any attention. He's not fightened of them, he says later as he closes the shutters. They're strangely lost, he says, you can see it in their eyes.

Their grandparents would have moved down from Scotland, like everyone around here, W. says. Thousands of them came down to the dockyards a couple of generations ago, but now there's no work for them now, nothing. So what do they do but drink all day?

He'd drink all day, says W., if he had nothing to do. Sometimes they punch him or throw ashtrays at Sal but that's alright. He'd be exactly the same, says W.

‘This is My Nation’

A partial transcription of the Bela Tarr interview included as an extra on the DVD of Werckmeister Harmonies.

[Tarr is asked about Damnation]

There is a difficulty about what we really think to be a film. The question really is what is film for? It's been some time since we came to the conclusion that the film is not about telling or it's function is something very different, something else. So that we can get closer to people somehow; we can understand everyday life and that somehow we can understand human nature: why we are like who we are, how we commit our sins, how we betray one another and what interests lead us.

And that's how we found this rather simple, even primitive crime story which is really a banal story because this is the thing we can get furthest away from[….] It was [a matter of] getting away, of distancing ourselves from the story because we thought that the wall, the rain, the dogs have their own stories, and that these stories are more important than these so called human stories that we write.

We believe that apart from the main protagonists of the film there are other protagonists: scenery, the weather, time and locations have their own faces and play an important role in the story […]

[Asked how he discovered this use of time]

From the very beginning the way we handled time was different to other films first of all because we cut and edited the film differently most films are piece of 'information - edit', 'information – edit' – we didn't edit that way. We are paying no concern to internal, psychological processes and we concentrate on the physical being present of the actors that is why metacommunication is more important - in fact its more important than verbal communication – and from here it is only a short step from putting it in time and space.

[Asked whether he is making a special demand on the viewer]

No, I don't have special demands from the audience I believe that I regard the audience as partners perhaps a bit more grown up than I am myself. I believe that if we make films with more openness, fairness and honesty people watch films with their hearts and minds and they only believe their eyes and then they can understand what we do and it's quite a simple thing.

And it will be special and part of their lives, and after all that's all we want and perhaps that people that come into the movies they leave a bit different, a different person than when they come in, if not as a different person, with something more in their hearts. And if we get that result we are happy and satisfied; if you get closer to the people you see on the film if you get touched by the beauty of the destitute then we've reached something, we've achieved something.

[The interviewer says that Tarr's films aren't always about beauty, but portray ugly landscapes and ugly people. Tarr responds in English, with magnificent simplicity, refusing to extrapolate.]

This is my nation.

[How do you chose the people you work with?]

We always make sure that those people we invite to work with us they are actually our friends. We always try to make sure that they are not actors but personalities and they give their entire personality to the film and that they should be present. And this is a matter of confidence: that they give us something, that they trust us that we won't betray them; that in the end we won't break our promises[….] All the people who work with us are present as personalities, be it as professional actors, workers in a factory or independent actors.

[When you say this is my nation: is it the real Hungary to which he is referring, or the imaginary world he has made in his films? Does it relate to everyday reality?]

I believe that one is making the same film all through one's life. These are the various forms, the various stages of the very same film. It's not that we don't think or look further because all these films are after all different. Every time we try to get closer to a somewhat clearer style, to create something simpler, even more simple, and to try to give an even clearer picture of what is there in Hungary today because after all we are Hungarians and we very much hope that this can be deciphered and understood in every part of the world as well.

[Can his films be taken as a political allegories?]

I would like to make it clear: there are no allegories in any of my films. And there are no symbols, such metaphysical things are far from [the genre of film]. A film as a genre in itself is always something definite. Because that piece of instrument we call the lens can only record real things, there are no allegories. There are very simple and definite scenes in the film.

And we try to think about the quality of life, because everybody has just one single life. It does matter how they live that single life; it is important what the quality of their lives is. I don't regard anything with sancity apart from life itself. And that's why it does matter what we talk about in a film.

As far as politics is concerned, I think it's a dirty business and it's not the object of any normal piece of art. We would never make political films. We would like to do more than that.

[The interviewer says Tarr's films are full of mud and dirt, with people getting drunk and falling over. They're very much about the ugly real world.]

Yes, yes.

[The interviewer presses Tarr on this: Why people falling over drunk? Why the mud and dirt? Tarr responds in English, quickly and directly.]

This is the same question why we make a film about ugly people because this is our nation this is our people that's what I see.

[Tarr's now asked to explore the relationship between literature and film.]

Film by itself is quite a primitive language. It's made simpler by its definiteness by its being so concrete and that's why it's so exciting. It's always a challenge to do something with this kind of limited language. The writer Krasznahorkai always says how can you do anything with such limited options, with such limited tools? He's frustrated that we deal with cheap things. Film is a cheap show in the town market and it's a great thing we can develop that into something valuable something that will withstand time and can be watched in 10 or 20 years or more.

[Tarr explains how he works with Krasznahorkai – how his novels inspire Tarr and his friends to find (or build) suitable a locations (a 'reality'). Film and literature are different languages, Tarr insists again.]

… that reality [i.e., the reality of a location] must be ours and we make a film about our reality with his help and from here on we talk a different language.

[On his wife and editor, Agnes Hranitzky] She's present all through the making of the film. And she is coauthor and no decisions are made without her, partly because she really knows and understands things. We do work together we make the films together. And there is an everyday process of making these film with the preparations the shooting and the editing.

And there is another important member of the family and that's the composer [Mihaly Vig] with whom we've worked together for the past 15 years and without the composer the films wouldn't be what they are. About our relationship: he would go into the studio a month before the shooting takes place, would compose the music, give it to us and then we already use the music at the stage of shooting. So the music plays an equal role to the actors or the scenes or the story. And we trust him so much that we don't go there into the studio he composes the music and brings it to us.

It's very close and very profound; a very friendly relationship that has been shaped over the past 15 years. We don't have to talk about anything serious; we never talk about art, we never talk about philosophy, we don't discuss aesthetics, we always talk about very concrete practical issues.

[Asked about cinematographers]

It's always difficult thing because one is always in the hands of a cinematographer, and what we ask is a very difficult task, both in physical and professional terms. And it's always very difficult to find the right person; some don't live up to it; some don't have the time; some are talented but make mistakes elsewhere so it's very difficult to find the right person. And we are quite autocratic and we tell the cinematographer what to do […]

[Asked about his relationship to the film industry in Hungary]

We won't knock at the door of the film industry and ask permission to be let in. Because we felt that everything that was happening in the film industry was a lie and it was a very bad and cheap thing. We thought there's no point talking to and negotiating with these people; we thought we had to kick the door in and show them what life really is and we have to show people what real life is like because they hardly see it on the film.

And from then on it was quite simple. We thought that making films should be cheap; we should be able to create films with low budgets and they have to be be 16mm with handheld cameras with nonprofessional actors and with a lot of closeups so going straight into their faces show the faces and to tell what social problems we are facing. 

And as time went by that problems there are are not only social but ontological, and there are cosmic problems as well and then we found out that everything even the weather was bad and from then on there's nothing else to do but make it total [Tarr is laughing] and create a complete desperation and the more desperate we are the more hope there is. It's quite simple.

[Asked whether his films appeal to the young in Hungary]

We were always famous for showing people on the screen who weren't seen elsewhere or before. I think at those times it was important to find a different kind of narrative.We were quite intrigued as to how we could make an epic film. Of course as we know that is quite the contrary of the film genre in general. So it looked like an exciting challenge. And we loved these young people very much because we thought that we had to talk about people who became marginal who lived on the margins because we ourselves are exactly as marginal as they are. So therefore it was nothing special to make a film about them.

Karrer's monologue from Bela Tarr's Damnation:

I sit by the window and look out completely in vain. For years and years I've been sitting there and something always tells me I'll go mad the next moment. But I don't go mad the next moment, and I have no fear of going mad because fear of madness would mean that I'd have to cling to something. Yet I don't cling to anything. I cling to nothing, but everything clings to me.

They want me to look at them. To look at the hopelessness of things. To watch as a scruffy dog outside my window under the pewter sky in the torrential rain walks up to a puddle and has a drink. They want me to watch the pitiful effort everyone makes in trying to speak before they drop into the grave. But there's not time for they are already falling. And they want this irreversibility of things to drive me mad, but the next second they want me not to go mad.

Once I almost talked about that with a woman. I told her that I hated her that I'd never loved her. Yet I didn't hate her just like I'd never loved her. I wanted to know if it made sense to speak at all. I told her that I hated her tenderness, her faithfulness, her being so neat and precise. I was revolted by the blind trust with which she clung to me.

She looked at me disapprovingly and went off to heat up my supper. I just stood there and yelled. For three days, we stayed indoors. She kept walking behind me. She only started crying on the second day. She stood crying in her nightie. She didn't sob, she just whimpered. Just wailing without moving. Then she crawled into the corner and would not move.

I was looking at her nightie. All I saw was the nightie, that lacy nylon nightie. Then I jumped on her. I pulled it and tore it. I ripped it. But she still didn't understand. She just kept clinging to me and repeating something to me. Then she went into the bathroom and locked the door.

I just watched the buckets of coal in the air and counted them. Then I started all over again and counted them again. I don't know how long it lasted. It was dawn by the time I broke the door down. It was what I'd expected, but even so it shocked me. I couldn't believe that frail body had so much blood in it.

Just as I'd never have believed there'd be somebody I could trust the way I trust you, someone who could make me believe it is worth speaking. I know you understand that I love you and that it's not over. And that you're able to step out of this story like any other. And I don't want anything, only that we should get out of this pigsty forever and never lose each other again. 

When I write about this kind of thing, about this kind of centrifugal situation that leads to suicide, I am certainly describing a state of mind that I identify with, which I probably experienced while I was writing, precisely because I did not commit suicide, because I escaped from that.

Bernhard, interviewed, cited.

By his own admission, Godard no longer likes to watch the 'rushes' of his films, claiming that he lacks 'enough complicity with the crew' and directs from a state of 'solitude', in which he is present on the set, yet 'absent' as an organising or unifying force in the conventional directorial sense.

One is struck in watching In Praise of Love by an intense sense of depersonalisation in all Godard's set ups, which often obscure the actors and their faces from our view, and in his editing, which offers us only sections of each shot rather than a sustained gaze.

Godard's recent films are even more 'fragmented', not only in their temporal and spatial structure but also in Godard's use of brief sections of images rather than long takes and extensive use of off-screen space, in which his protagonists operate on the margins of the frame, just as Godard operates on the margins of cinematic discourse.

Dixon, from an article.

Men of the End

These are the last days, says W. It's all finished. Everything's so shit, says W., but we're happy – why is that? Because we're puerile, he says. Because we're inane. It saves us, W. says, but it also condemns us.

We've been singled out for something, W. has decided. We've been marked. Look at us in our flowery shirts, says W. We're fat and blousy, and everyone else is slim and wearing black.

We're men of the end, W. says. Do we take nothing seriously? Not even ourselves. Least of all that, says W. Something has given up inside us. A whole world has come to the end. And it laughs at itself in our pot bellies and our flowery shirts.

You must trust the author you are studying. Proceed by feeling your way. One must ruminate, gathering and regathering the notions. You must silence the voices of objection within you. You must let [the author] speak for himself, analyse the frequency of [his] words, the style of his own obsessions. His thought invents coordinates and develops along its own axes.

Deleuze to his students in his Foucault seminar.

The Cage of My Stupidity

Every year I tell W. about my latest plans to escape. Why do I think I can escape? Why do I have that temerity? It amazes W., who knows he will never escape and nor will I. 

I'm not getting out, he says, I'm stuck like everybody else. Two years ago I was going to learn Sanskrit, he reminds me. I was going to become a great scholar of Hinduism. And what was it last year? It was music, wasn't it? I was going to become a great scholar of music.

But what did I know about Sanskrit, really? And what did I know about music? Nothing at all, says W., about either subject. What work did I do to learn something about Sanskrit and music? Nothing at all, says W. Not one thing.

There's no getting out: when am I going to understand that? I'm stuck forever: when am I going to resign myself to the cage of my stupidity?